Steam-generator



(lzlodel.) 2Sheets--Sheet 1.

F. E. HOSMER. Steam Generator.

No. 234,872. Patented Nov. 30,1880.

WITNESSES;

N4 PETERS. PHoTo-LlmaaRAPn/Es. wAsmNGToN, n c.'

(Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

F. E. HOSMBR.. Steam Generator. No. 234,872. Patented Nov. 30, |880.

WiTNESSES.

NAFErERs,'PHQTO-LITMGGRAPHER WASHINGYON o C llaman States Partnr @artenFRANCIS E. HOSMER, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

STEAM-GENERATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 234,872, dated November30, 1880 Application filed April 19, 1880.

To all whom it may concern:

Bc it known that I, FRANCIS EDWIN HOS- MER, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State ofMassachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inSteam Generators; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full,clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable othersskilled in the use of steam, to which it appertains, to make and use thesame.

Hcretofore it has been the practice to construct steam-generators sothat the cold water or water partially heated is immediately brought incontact with the generating-surfaces of the boiler, thus chilling` thesaid surfaces, causing violent contraction and expansion ofthe same aswell as cooling` the boiling water, and in a measure preventing theliberation of steam therefrom. To avoid these and other well-knowndefects, and to cause a rapid evaporation and circulation of the waterin the boiler, to prevent sedimentary deposits, to separate the steamfrom the water, to induce a more perfect combustion of fuel, and toafford a better and nearer absolute control of the heat, are the objectsof my invention.

Referring to the accompanying drawings', which form part of thisspecilication, Figure I represents a vertical longitudinal section, Fig.Il, a partial vertical section of a `portion of the apparatus, showing aslight modification; Fig. III, a horizontal section taken on the line xx, Fig. I; and Fig. IV, a similar section on the line y y, Fig. I.

The nature of my invention consists- First, in the construction andarrangement of a vertical grate, in which its base or bearing portion isprovided with scallops or serrations, through which atmospheric airfreely passes to the fire. The walls of this grate are provided withtube-spaces, through which the water is forced, and in its passage takesup` much of the surcharged heat, performing the double function ofimparting to the water an additional heat and preserving the grate fromextreme heat,thus preventing its disintegration.

Second, the combination and arrangement of the circulatin g and heatingpipes, by which the water, after being primarily heated, is made(Model.)

to circulate through the body of the grate, thence through acoilsurrounding the tire, and continuing through a gradually-enlarging pipeto an upper skeleton frame-work of heating-tubes, and thence downwardthrough an enlarged coil of pipe to the steam-chamber.

Third, in the combination, with the steam and water circulating pipes,of the steam and sediment separating coil, located within thesteam-space of the boiler, and arranged in such a manner that while thesteam passes out through pert'orations in the lower halt' of thecircumference of said pipe the solid inatter passes. through its openend, water drops onto the corrugated sheet, and mud or sediment passesto another pipe, arranged for the purpose, and by which it is ca-rriedoff.

Fourth, it consists in the construction and arrangement of thesediment-collecting pipe, by which the sediment from the separatingcoilis trapped. By perforating the same pipe at about the water-line thefloating scumn d extraneous matter is collected and drawn oft' by andthrough said pipe, by which means the boiler is kept comi'iarativelyclean. Fifth, in the combination and arrangement ot' the heat-contracting dampers, by which the heat is distributed and directed to where it maybe most desired.

Sixth, in the combination, with the evaporating-coils of the generator,thel vertical corrugated side walls of the tire-box, by which llues areformed for the iiame to pass between the said coil and sides, and thehorizontallycorrugated upper portion of the iiame-chamber, by whichexpansion and contraction are provided for and additional heating orevaporating surface is presented, by which any water passing from theperforated pipes is instantly converted into steam, as will hereinaftermore fully appear.

The invention further consists in details of construction, ashereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings, A shows the main waterchamber and steam-chamber, formedbetween the outer shell and the inner corrugated shell. The top andbottom otthese shells are pref'- erably made ot' cast-iron.

The lower portion ot' the outer shell is provided with an annulus, onwhich an ordinary IOO grate, b', is supported. This annulus ceissuspended by a cylindrical ring, b, joining it to another and upperannulus, c, on which the upper portion of the outer shell rests. Aiiange, d, projects upward from annulus c, which surrounds and keeps inplace the said outer shell. The usual mud-ringcis provided for securingthe parts together.

B shows the vertical cup-shaped grate, provided with four or more legsor bearings, j', resting upon the rim ofthe ordinary grate.

Scallops or fringes g project down from the sides ot the vertical grate,forming between them serrations 7L, which serve the double purpose ofsupplying air to the fuel and for the insertion of a sluicing bar orpoker, by which the burning fuel may be stirred up, the clinkers broken,&c.

l/Vithin the upper portion of the vertical grate B is located one ormore coils of pipe, i, which at one end are connected with acirculating-pump, j, and at the other end with a coil of pipe, C,located within the fire-box and resting on said vertical grate, thoughthe pipe in the grate may be connected directly with the water-space Aof the boiler, by which circulation is maintained without. theintervening coil C when the pump is at rest.

The end of the pipe forming the coil C is continued up, and graduallyenlarging (see 1),) to a point near the crown of the flamechamber, whereit is, in turn, connected with another pipe, E, which coils downward tonear the middle ol' said llame-chamber and forms the frustum of a cone.The lower end of coil E connects with a pipe, F, which terminates in acoil of pipe, Gr. rlhe lower halt' of the latter is perforated for thepurpose otl allowing the escape of steam, as before stated.

The furnace-wall T is made of tinted or corrugated iron, arrangedvertically and extending to about midway of the flame chamber. The upperportion ot' the name-chamber is iiuted or corrugated horizontally, andalso forms the frustum of a cone corresponding with the coil. E,extending down and secured to a casting, K. The upper end ot' thevertical corrugated portion of the furnace is also secured to the otherend of said casting. Thus the inner wall ofthe furnace is formed.

An annular ring or annulns, S, projects inwardly from about the middleof its vertical side. This ring Sforms the base of the framework, uponwhich rest the dampers It and Q, which regulate and direct the productsof combustion.

In Fig. II the ring S forms the support ot' the frame-work composed ofpipes W, and performs the same function as the skeleton framework shownby Fig. I.

This controlling and regulating damper is one of the essential featuresof my invention,v

and may be adapted to other forms of boilers and operated by 'anywell-known means; but I prefer the form shown.

The hollow frame heat-regulator, as shown by Fig. II, is constructed ofpipes forming the frustum of a cone, the base forming a circle, which isconnected to straight pipes that form the sides of the frame. Thesestraight pipes terminate at the top in a circular chamber, the diameterot' which at the top is less than at the base. These straight pipes arearranged at nearly equal distances apart, to allow onehalt' oftheopenings between them to be closed to within a few inches ofthe top insuch a manner as to leave. the outside surface of the closing-piecesflush with the outside surface of the straight pipes, so as to allow amovable coneshaped slotted` damper that conforms to the form of theoutside frame-work, moving freely around it and making a close joint.The openings in the movable cone correspond to the openings between thepipes which form the frame-work of the dam per-regulator.

In operation the damper is moved around the frame-work by the lever M,shaft o, and crank N, which is connected to the damper and lever M. Ofcourse the openings between the pipes extend from top to bottom, everyother one being closed, the said closed spaces being shut from thebottom to within a few inches of the top. 3y this arrangement when theouter cone or damper is moved around to close the larger openings in theframe-work the small openings near the top remain open, allowing thegases from the furnace to pass freely up the flue, thus preventing theheat from the furnace from impinging on the steamgenerating coils.

The solid heat-regulator frame R, as shown on Fig. I, has independentside and top openings, so arranged that when the side openings areclosed the top openings are open, both being operated by the samemechanism.

The top damper, Q, turns on screw I), by which its friction is greatlyreduced. By this arrangement the flame and gases are made to impingedirectly on the surface of the generating-coils, or they may escapedirectly through the uptake or chimney V, as the operator may thinkdesirable.

The ofce of the sediment and blow-oft pipe has been heretoforedescribed, only that at its lower end l locate a blow-oft' cock. 'Thispipe need not be used exceptwhen sea-water is used in the boiler or thefeed-water is very muddy. A blow-off cock may also be attached to thebottom ofthe main' chamber A.

A water-gage and other well-known attachments may be applied to show thedifferent levels of the water; also a catch-basin connected with thegage to discern the water-supply.

Operation The boiler is fed through pipe U, filling the mainwater-chamber A to the Waterlevel T. The pump is then put in operation,either by steam or hand power. The water is then pumped out of chamberA,forced through the hollow grate-rim, thence through pipe or coil C,thence through connecting pipe D, down through coil E, and up throughpipe F lloo IIO

IIS

into perforated coil G, and into steam-space of the boiler. The samefunction is performed by hollow pipe-frame IV, Fig. Il, only pipe Dconnects with the circular pipe, thence through the straight pipes intoasmall chamber, X, thence downward through coil E and off through pipe Fto perforated coil G, as in the former case.

Ilius it may be said that while the water is passing through the variouspipes and coils, it being previously heated, it is completely convertedinto steam before its exit from the perforated pipe G; but should anywater be emitted from pipe G it falls in drops or fine spray on theupper corrugated surface and is instantly flashed into steam; and byopening` the large damper an additional force of iiame and heat is madeto impinge .directly against the corrugated surface, by which quickeraction and greater heat are imparted to the water and steam in thesteam-space.

Independent of the coil and pipe apparatus the upper corrugated surfaceand the damper or heat regulating mechanism will form a rapidgeneratingsurface, and may be so constructed and operated with good results. Thesame may be said of the coils and pipes independent of theheat-regulating device.

Should the upper sections of coils be used for a superheater the steamwould be taken from the steam-space, passed down through the coil E andescape into the steam-space again, to mi x with the saturated steamtherein 5 or it may be conveyed directly to the engine or into aseparate reservoir.

It is evident that many modifications and changes in the arrangement ofparts may be made without departing from the principles of my invention,and I do not therefore desire to confine inyselftotheexactarrangementshown.

Having described my invention, I will now state that what I claim asnew, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The combination, in a steam-generator, of the inner and outer shells,the inner shell consisting ofthe vertical corrugated wall forming thelire-box, the upper horizontal corrugated wall forming thellame-chamber, said walls being united and secured together by thecasting k in the manner shown and described.

2. In a steam-generator, the combination of the outer casing, the innershell composed of the upper and lower corrugated sections, and theheatdistributing device R and its operating mechanism, all arranged inthe manner and for the purpose shown and described.

3. In a steam-generator, the combination of the inner and outer shellsor casin gs, the heatregulating device having an upper and lowersection, whereby the heat may be thrown against the tubes or escapethrough the upper openings to the uptake, and the steam and water coilE, all combined and arranged to operate as shown and described.

4. In a steam-generator, the combination of the outer and inner shells,constructed as described, the vertical cup-shaped grate-incasingwater-coils, by which the eXtreme heat from the grate is imparted to thewater in the coils, thereby preserving said grate from disintegration,substantially as shown and set forth.

5. In a steam-generator, the combination of the outer and inner shells,the heat-regulating' mechanism, the circulating-coils C and E, and theconnecting-pipe J, all arranged to operate as set forth and described.

(i. The combination, in a Water-circulating steam-generator, of theinner and outer shells, the hollow-rimmed grate B, coil O, thegradually-enlarging connecting-pipe D, the coil E, and perforated coilG, all arranged for lioint operation in the manner and for the purposeset forth and described.

7. The combination of the hollow-rimmed grate B, incasing water-coil,the bearers or legs f, scallops g, and serrations h of the lower grate,and annulus a, all arrangedv to operate in the manner and for thepurpose shown and described.

8. A steam -generator consisting of the inner and outer shells, theheat-regulatingframework composed of water-circulating pipes and theinclosing damper casing, in combination with the superheating-coils andtheir connecting-chamber X, in the manner and for the purpose set forth.

l). rIhe combination, in a steam generator, of the inner and outershells, constructed as shown, the heating-coils C, tapering' pipe D, andenlarged heating-coil E, perforated coil Gr, and circulating-pump j, allarranged for circulating the water through said coils, substantially asshown.

10. In a steam generator, the combination of the outer and inner shells,the hollowrimmed grate B, the lower grate, b', resting on annulus a, theshells resting on annulus c, and the upright cylindrical framesupporting the whole structure, all arranged in the manner shown and setfort-h.

FRANCIS EDWIN HOSMER.

Witnesses WM. H. WARD, ROLAND E. WooDwAuD.

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